🌱 PLANTS

A taxonomical list of plants I've discovered and documented.

Bryophyta (bryophyte, moss, mosses)

Polytrichopsida

Polytrichales

Polytrichaceae

Dawsonia

Dawsonia superba

Polytrichum

Polytrichum juniperinum (juniper haircap, juniper polytrichum moss)

Tracheophytes (higher plants, Tracheophyta, tracheophyte, tracheophytes, vascular plant, vascular plants)

Pteridophyta (cryptogams, pteridophyte)

Lycophytes

Lycopodiopsida (clubmosses, firmosses, lycophytes, lycopods, lycopsids, quillworts, spikemosses)

Lycopodiales

Lycopodiaceae

Diphasiastrum

Diphasiastrum alpinum (alpine clubmoss)
Diphasiastrum sitchense (Sitka clubmoss)

Polypodiophyta (fern, ferns, Polypodiophyta, Polypodiopsida)

Polypodiopsida

Equisetales

Equisetaceae

Equisetum (horsetail, mare's tail)

Equisetum pratense (meadow horsetail, shade horsetail, shady horsetail)

Polypodiales

Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridium

Pteridium aquilinum (bracken, brake, common bracken, eagle fern, pasture brake)

Dryopteridaceae

Polystichum

Polystichum munitum (western swordfern)

Polypodiaceae

Polypodium

Polypodium glycyrrhiza (licorice fern, many-footed fern, sweet root)

Pteridaceae

Gaga (gaga lipfern)

Adiantum

Adiantum pedatum (northern maidenhair fern)

Spermatophytes (phaenogam, phanerogam, seed plant, Spermatophyta, spermatophyte)

Angiosperms (💐, angiosperm, angiosperms, flowering plants, flowers, Magnoliophyta)

Dicots (🌱, dicots, dicotyledon, dicotyledons, dicotyls)

Eudicots (eudicotyledons, non-magnoliid dicots, tricolpates)

Asterids

Apiales

Apiaceae (carrot family, celery family, parsley family, Umbelliferae, umbellifers)

Aegopodium

Aegopodium podagraria (bishop's weed, English masterwort, gout wort, goutweed, ground elder, herb gerard, snow-in-the-mountain, wild masterwort)

Anethum

Anethum graveolens (dill, garden dill)

Conium

Conium maculatum (hemlock, poison hemlock)

Daucus

Daucus carota (bird's nest, bishop's lace, carrot flower, European wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace, wild carrot)

Daucus carota subsp. sativus (🥕, carrot)

Eryngium

Eryngium alpinum (alpine eryngo, alpine sea holly, queen of the Alps)

Foeniculum

Foeniculum vulgare (fennel)

Petroselinum

Petroselinum crispum (garden parsley, parsley)

Araliaceae

Tetrapanax (rice paper plant, Tetrapanax papyrifer)

Fatsia

Fatsia japonica (false castor oil plant, fatsi, Japanese aralia, paperplant)

Hedera

Hedera canariensis (Canary Island ivy, Canary ivy, Madeira ivy)
Hedera helix (common ivy, English ivy, European ivy, ivy, King's Choice ivy)
Hedera hibernica (Atlantic ivy, Irish ivy)

Heptapleurum

Heptapleurum actinophyllum (amate, Australian umbrella tree, octopus tree, office hall plant, Queensland umbrella tree, Schefflera actinophylla)

Aquifoliales

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex

Ilex aquifolium (Christmas holly, common holly, English holly, European holly, holly)
Ilex cornuta (Chinese holly, horned holly)

Asterales

Asteraceae (🌼, aster family, Compositae, composite family, daisy family, sunflower family)

Aster (aster)
Cosmos (cosmos)
Leucanthemum (aster family)
Taraxacum (dandelions)

Achillea

Achillea clypeolata (moonshine yarrow)
Achillea filipendulina (fernleaf yarrow, milfoil, nosebleed, yarrow)

Anaphalis

Anaphalis margaritacea (pearly everlasting, western pearly everlasting)

Arctium

Arctium minus (button-bur, common burdock, cuckoo-button, lesser burdock, little burdock, louse-bur, wild rhubarb)

Artemisia (mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood)

Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush, Great Basin sagebrush, simply sagebrush)

Boltonia

Boltonia asteroides (false aster, false chamomile, white doll's daisy)

Brachyglottis

Brachyglottis greyi (daisy bush)

Centaurea

Centaurea cyanus (bachelor's button, cornflower)
Centaurea montana (bachelor's button, montane knapweed, mountain bluet, mountain cornflower, perennial cornflower)
Centaurea triumfettii (squarrose knapweed)

Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum indicum (Indian chrysanthemum)

Cirsium

Cirsium arvense (California thistle, Canada thistle, Canadian thistle, corn thistle, creeping thistle, cursed thistle, field thistle, green thistle, hard thistle, lettuce from hell thistle, perennial thistle, prickly thistle, setose thistle, small-flowered thistle, stinger-needles, way thistle)

Cynara

Cynara cardunculus (artichoke thistle, cardoon)

Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (artichoke, French artichoke, globe artichoke, green artichoke)

Echinops

Echinops bannaticus (blue globe-thistle)

Erigeron

Erigeron speciosus (aspen fleabane, garden fleabane, showy fleabane)

Helianthus

Helianthus annuus (🌻, common sunflower, sunflower)

Lapsana

Lapsana communis (common nipplewort)

Madia

Madia elegans (common madia)

Pericallis

Pericallis lanata

Senecio

Senecio candidans (angel wings, sea cabbage)
Senecio sylvaticus (heath groundsel, mountain common groundsel, woodland ragwort)

Tanacetum

Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew)

Campanulaceae

Campanula

Campanula medium (Canterbury bells)
Campanula persicifolia (peach-leaved bellflower)

Boraginales

Boraginaceae

Pentaglottis (evergreen bugloss, green alkanet)

Borago

Borago officinalis (borago, starflower)

Brunnera

Brunnera macrophylla (great forget-me-not, heartleaf, largeleaf brunnera, Siberian bugloss)

Phacelia

Phacelia tanacetifolia (blue tansy, fiddleneck, lacy phacelia, purple tansy, tansy-leaf phacelia)

Symphytum

Symphytum asperum (prickly comfrey, rough comfrey)

Cornales

Cornaceae

Cornus (cornels, dogwood, dogwoods)

Cornus controversa (wedding cake tree)
Cornus florida (eastern flowering dogwood, flowering dogwood)
Cornus kousa (Benthamia kousa, Chinese dogwood, Cynoxylon kousa, Japanese dogwood, Korean dogwood, kousa, kousa dogwood)
Cornus nuttallii (mountain dogwood, Pacific dogwood, western dogwood)

Hydrangeaceae

Deutzia

Deutzia gracilis (Japanese snow flower, slender deutzia)

Hydrangea

Hydrangea paniculata (panicled hydrangea)

Philadelphus (mock-orange)

Philadelphus lewisii (Gordon's mockorange, Indian arrowwood, Lewis' mock-orange, mock-orange, syringa, wild mockorange)

Dipsacales

Adoxaceae

Sambucus

Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry, Canada elderberry, common elderberry)

Viburnum

Viburnum davidii (David viburnum)
Viburnum plicatum (Japanese snowball bush)
Viburnum trilobum (American cranberrybush, cranberrybush viburnum, high bush cranberry, highbush cranberry)

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera (honeysuckle, honeysuckles)

Symphoricarpos (ghostberry, snowberry, waxberry)

Symphoricarpos albus (common snowberry)

Vesalea

Vesalea grandifolia

Weigela

Weigela florida (old-fashioned weigela, Weigela praecox)

Ericales

Actinidiaceae

Actinidia

kiwifruit (🥝, Chinese gooseberry, kiwi)

Ebenaceae

Diospyros

Diospyros kaki (Chinese persimmon, Japanese persimmon, kaki persimmon, Oriental persimmon, persimmon)

Ericaceae (heath family, heather family)

Monotropa
Oxydendrum (Oxydendrum arboreum, sorrel tree, sourwood)

Arbutus (madrones, strawberry trees)

Arbutus andrachne (Greek strawberry tree)
Arbutus menziesii (arbutus, madrona, madrone, Pacific madrone, refrigerator tree)
Arbutus unedo (arbutus berry, cain, cane apple, Irish strawberry tree, Killarney strawberry tree, madrone, strawberry tree)

Arctostaphylos

Arctostaphylos manzanita (common manzanita, whiteleaf manzanita)
Arctostaphylos pungens (pointleaf manzanita)

Calluna

Calluna vulgaris (Calluna, common heather, heather, ling)

Erica

Erica terminalis (Corsican heath, upright heath)

Gaultheria

Gaultheria procumbens (American wintergreen, boxberry, checkerberry, eastern teaberry)
Gaultheria shallon (gaultheria, salal, shallon)

Kalmia

Kalmia latifolia (calico-bush, mountain laurel, spoonwood)

Pieris

Pieris japonica (Japanese andromeda, Japanese pieris)

Rhododendron (rhododendron, rhododendrons)

Rhododendron occidentale (California azalea, western azalea)
Rhododendron ponticum (common rhododendron, pontic rhododendron)

Vaccinium

Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus (🫐, blueberries, blueberry, Cyanococcus)
Vaccinium subg. Oxycoccus (cranberries, cranberry, Oxycoccus)

Lecythidaceae

Bertholletia

Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut)

Pentaphylacaceae

Cleyera

Cleyera japonica (sakaki)

Polemoniaceae

Phlox

Primulaceae

Lysimachia

Lysimachia europaea (arctic starflower, chickweed-wintergreen, Trientalis europaea)

Styracaceae

Styrax

Styrax japonicus (Japanese snowbell)

Theaceae (tea family)

Franklinia (Franklin tree, Franklinia alatamaha, Franklinias, Gordonia pubescens)

Camellia

Camellia japonica (common camellia, Japanese camellia)
Camellia sasanqua (sasanqua camellia)

Stewartia (Stuartia)

Stewartia pseudocamellia (deciduous camellia, Japanese stewartia, Korean stewartia)

Gentianales

Apocynaceae

Asclepias (milkweed, milkweeds)

Trachelospermum

Trachelospermum jasminoides (Chinese star jessamine, Confederate jasmine, Confederate jessamine, star jasmine)

Vinca

Vinca minor (common periwinkle, creeping myrtle, dwarf periwinkle, lesser periwinkle, myrtle, small periwinkle)

Gentianaceae

Gentiana

Gentiana alpina (Alpine gentian)

Rubiaceae

Coffea

Coffea arabica (☕, Arabica coffee, coffee)

Morinda

Morinda citrifolia (awl tree, beach mulberry, cheesefruit, great morinda, Indian mulberry, noni, vomit fruit)

Lamiales

Acanthaceae

Acanthus

Acanthus mollis (bear's breeches, bear's foot plant, gator plant, oyster plant, sea dock, sea holly)

Strobilanthes

Strobilanthes dyeriana (Burmuda coneflower, Persian shield, royal purple plant)

Bignoniaceae

× Chitalpa (Morning Cloud, Pink Dawn)

Amphilophium

Amphilophium buccinatorium (Blood-Trumpet)

Campsis

Campsis radicans (cow-itch vine, hummingbird vine, trumpet creeper, trumpet vine, yellow trumpet vine)

Catalpa (catawba)

Catalpa bignonioides (cigartree, Indian bean tree, southern catalpa)
Catalpa ovata (Chinese catalpa, Japanese catalpa, yellow catalpa)
Catalpa speciosa (catawba, cigar tree, hardy catalpa, northern catalpa, western catalpa)

Jacaranda

Jacaranda mimosifolia (black poui, blue jacaranda, fern tree, jacaranda, Nupur)

Calceolariaceae

Calceolaria

Calceolaria integrifolia (bush slipperwort)

Lamiaceae (deadnettle family, Labiatae, mint family, sage family)

Clerodendrum

Clerodendrum trichotomum (glorytree, harlequin glorybower, peanut butter tree)

Coleus

Coleus scutellarioides (coleus)

Lamium

Lamium purpureum (purple archangel, purple dead-nettle, red dead-nettle)

Lavandula

Lavandula angustifolia (common lavender, English lavender, garden lavender, lavender, narrow-leaved lavender, true lavender)
Lavandula stoechas (French lavender, Spanish lavender, topped lavender)

Melissa

Melissa officinalis (lemon balm)

Mentha (mint)

Mentha spicata (common mint, garden mint, lamb mint, mackerel mint)

Nepeta

Nepeta racemosa (dwarf catnip, raceme catnip)

Ocimum

Ocimum basilicum (basil, great basil)

Phlomis

Phlomis russeliana (Turkish sage)

Physostegia

Physostegia virginiana (false dragonhead, obedience, obedient plant)

Pseudodictamnus

Pseudodictamnus mediterraneus (false dittany)

Salvia

Salvia guaranitica (anise-scented sage, hummingbird sage)
Salvia jordanii (Algerian rosemary)
Salvia microphylla (alvia grahamii, baby sage, blackcurrant sage, Graham's sage, Salvia lemmonii, Salvia neurepia)
Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary)

Stachys

Stachys byzantina (lamb's ear, lamb's-ear, Monty plant, woolly hedgenettle)

Oleaceae

Chionanthus

Chionanthus retusus (Chinese fringetree)

Forsythieae

Forsythia

Fraxinus (ash)

Fraxinus americana (American ash, white ash)
Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon ash, Oregon white ash)
Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash, red ash)

Ligustrum

Ligustrum lucidum (broad-leaf privet, Chinese privet, glossy privet, tree privet, wax-leaf privet)

Olea

Olea europaea (European olive, olive, olive oil)

Osmanthus

Osmanthus heterophyllus (false holly, holly olive, holly osmanthus)

Syringa

Syringa reticulata (Japanese tree lilac)

Paulowniaceae

Paulownia

Paulownia tomentosa (empress tree, foxglove-tree, princess tree)

Plantaginaceae

Penstemon (beardtongues)

Antirrhinum

Antirrhinum australe
Antirrhinum majus (common snapdragon, snapdragon)

Digitalis (foxgloves)

Digitalis purpurea (common foxglove, foxglove)

Plantago

Plantago lanceolata (buckhorn, English plantain, lamb's tongue, narrowleaf plantain, ribleaf, ribwort plantain)

Veronica

Veronica brachysiphon (Hebe brachysiphon)
Veronica perfoliata (digger's speedwell)

Scrophulariaceae

Buddleja

Buddleja davidii (butterfly-bush, orange eye, summer lilac)
Buddleja japonica

Phygelius

Phygelius capensis (cape figwort, cape fuchsia)

Verbascum

Verbascum pulverulentum (broad-leaf mullein, hoary mullein)

Verbenaceae

Lantana

Lantana camara (common lantana, Florida Flower)

Solanales

Convolvulaceae

Cuscuta

Cuscuta europaea (amarbel, dodder, European dodder, greater dodder)

Ipomoea

Ipomoea batatas (🍠, sweet potato, sweet potatoes, sweetpotato)

Solanaceae

Alkekengi

Alkekengi officinarum (alchechengi berry, Alkekengi, bladder cherry, Chinese lantern, Japanese-lantern, Klabuster cherry, strawberry groundcherry, winter cherry)

Capsicum

Capsicum frutescens (🌶, chili, chili pepper)

Capsicum annuum

bell pepper (🫑, bell pepper, capsicum, mango, paprika, pepper, sweet pepper)

Nicotiana

Nicotiana tabacum (cultivated tobacco, tobacco)

Solanum

Solanum dulcamara (Amara Dulcis, bitter nightshade, bittersweet, bittersweet nightshade, blue bindweed, climbing nightshade, fellenwort, felonwood, felonwort, poisonberry, poisonflower, scarlet berry, snakeberry, trailing bittersweet, trailing nightshade, violet bloom, woody nightshade)
Solanum lycopersicum (🍅, tomato, tomatoes)
Solanum melongena (🍆, aubergine, baigan, brinjal, eggplant)
Solanum nigrum (blackberry nightshade, European black nightshade, simply black nightshade)
Solanum tuberosum (🥔, potato)

Buxales

Buxaceae

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis (carpet box, Japanese pachysandra, Japanese spurge)

Caryophyllales

Aizoaceae

Drosanthemum (dewflowers)

Carpobrotus

Carpobrotus edulis (highway ice plant, hottentot-fig, ice plant, sour fig, vygie)

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus

Amaranthus cruentus (blood amaranth, Mexican grain amaranth, prince's feather, purple amaranth, red amaranth)

Celosia

Celosia argentea (plumed cockscomb, silver cock's comb)

Chenopodium

Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa)

Dysphania

Dysphania botrys (feathered geranium, Jerusalem oak goosefoot, Jerusalem-oak, sticky goosefoot)

Cactaceae (🌵, cacti, cactus, cactuses)

Opuntia (nopal, nostle, paddle cactus, prickly pear cactus, sabbar, sabra, tuna)
Schlumbergera (Christmas cactus, crab cactus, holiday cactus, Thanksgiving cactus)

Carnegiea (Carnegiea gigantea, saguaro)

Caryophyllaceae

Silene

Silene coronaria (bloody William, dusty miller, Lychnis coronaria, mullein-pink, rose campion)

Montiaceae

Claytonia

Claytonia sibirica (candy flower, pink purslane, Siberian miner's lettuce, Siberian spring beauty)

Nyctaginaceae

Abronia

Abronia latifolia (coastal sand-verbena, yellow sand-verbena)

Pisonia

Pisonia grandis (birdcatcher trees, birdlime trees, catchbirdtrees, grand devil's-claws)

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolacca

Phytolacca americana (American pokeweed, dragonberries, inkberry, pigeonberry weed, poke sallet, pokeberry, pokeweed)
Phytolacca bogotensis (Southern pokeweed)

Proteales

Nelumbonaceae

Nelumbo

Nelumbo nucifera (🪷, Indian lotus, lotus, pink lotus, sacred lotus, water lily)

Platanaceae

Platanus (plane trees, planes, plantain tree)

Platanus × hispanica (hybrid plane, London plane, London planetree, Platanus × acerifolia, Platanus acerifolia)
Platanus occidentalis (American planetree, American sycamore, buttonwood, occidental plane, sycamore, water beech, western plane)
Platanus orientalis (Oriental plane)

Proteaceae

Banksia

Banksia grandis (beera, biara, boongura, bull banksia, giant banksia, gwangia, peera, pira)

Ranunculales

Berberidaceae

Epimedium (barrenwort, bishop's hat, fairy wings, horny goat weed, yin yang huo)
Nandina (heavenly bamboo, nandina, Nandina domestica, sacred bamboo)

Berberis

Berberis aquifolium (holly-leaved barberry, Oregon grape)
Berberis eurybracteata (Mahonia eurybracteata)
Berberis japonica (Japanese Mahonia, Mahonia tikushiensis)
Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry, red barberry, Thunberg's barberry)

Vancouveria

Vancouveria hexandra (duckfoot, northern inside-out flower, white inside-out flower)

Lardizabalaceae

Akebia

Akebia quinata (akebi, chocolate vine, five-leaf akebia, five-leaf chocolate vine)

Papaveraceae (poppy, poppy family)

Dicentra

Dicentra formosa (Pacific bleeding-heart, western, wild)

Papaver

Papaver somniferum (breadseed poppy, opium poppy)

Ranunculaceae

Aquilegia

Aquilegia alpina (alpine columbine, breath of God)
Aquilegia canadensis (Canada columbine, Canadian, eastern red columbine, wild columbine)
Aquilegia chrysantha (golden columbine, Yellow Queen)

Clematis (leather flower, old man's beard, traveller's joy, vase vine, virgin's bower)

Clematis integrifolia
Clematis montana (anemone clematis, Himalayan clematis, mountain clematis)
Clematis vitalba (old man's beard, traveller's joy)

Delphinium

Delphinium elatum (alpine delphinium, candle larkspur, guardian lavender)

Eriocapitella

Eriocapitella × hybrida (Japanese anemone)

Ficaria

Ficaria verna (lesser celandine, pilewort, Ranunculus ficaria)

Nigella

Nigella sativa (black caraway, black cumin, kalonji, nigella)

Ranunculus

Ranunculus lanuginosus (downy buttercup, wooly buttercup)

Rosids

Brassicales

Brassicaceae (cabbage family, Cruciferae, crucifers, mustards)

Brassica

Brassica juncea (brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Indian mustard, Korean green mustard, leaf mustard, mustard greens, Oriental mustard, vegetable mustard)

Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (Chinese broccoli, Chinese kale, gai lan, kai-lan)
Brassica oleracea var. italica (🥦, broccoli)
Brussels sprout
cauliflower
Romanesco broccoli (broccolo romanesco, romanesco, romanesque cauliflower)

Brassica rapa (bird's rape, field mustard, keblock, turnip rape)

bok choy (pak choi, pok choi)
rapini (broccoli rabe, raab)

Hesperis

Hesperis matronalis (damask-violet, dame's gilliflower, dame's rocket, dame's-violett, dames-wortt, mother-of-the-evening, night-scented gilliflower, queen's gilliflower, rogue's gilliflower, sweet rocket)

Iberis

Iberis sempervirens (evergreen candytuft, perennial candytuft)

Lunaria

Lunaria annua (annual honesty, honesty)

Raphanus

Raphanus sativus (radish)

Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus (daikon, long white radish, mooli, Oriental radish, white radish, winter radish)

Sisymbrium

Sisymbrium officinale (hedge mustard)

Tropaeolaceae

Tropaeolum

Tropaeolum majus (garden nasturtium, Indian cress, monk's cress, nasturtium)

Celastrales

Celastraceae

Euonymus

Euonymus japonicus (evergreen spindle, Japanese spindle)

Cucurbitales

Cucurbitaceae

Citrullus

Citrullus lanatus (🍉, watermelon)

Cucumis

Cucumis melo (🍈, melon, true melon)
Cucumis sativus (🥒, cucumber, cucumbers)

Cucurbita

pumpkin (🎃, pumpkins)

Cucurbita pepo

Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica (courgette, zucchini, zucchinis)

Melothria

Melothria scabra (cucamelon, Mexican miniature watermelon, Mexican sour cucumber, Mexican sour gherkin, mouse melon, pepquinos)

Momordica

Momordica charantia (balsam-pear, bitter apple, bitter gourd, bitter melon, bitter squash, cerassee, gouya, goya, karavila, karela)

Siraitia

Siraitia grosvenorii (luo han guo, monkfruit, Swingle fruit)

Fabales

Fabaceae (🫛, bean, legume, Leguminosae, pea, pea family)

Paubrasilia (brazilwood, Paubrasilia echinata)

Acacia (acacias, wattles)

Acacia heterophylla (highland tamarind, tamarin des hauts)
Acacia koa (koa)
Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood, blackwood, blackwood acacia, hickory, mudgerabah, Tasmanian blackwood)

Albizia

Albizia julibrissin (mimosa tree, Persian silk tree, pink silk tree, silk tree)

Arachis

Arachis hypogaea (🥜, goober, goober pea, groundnut, monkey nut, peanut, peanuts, pindar)

Cercis

Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud)
Cercis chinensis (Chinese redbud)
Cercis siliquastrum (Judas tree, Judas-tree, Judea tree, love tree, Mediterranean redbud)

Cicer

Cicer arietinum (Bengal gram, chick pea, chickpea, Egyptian pea, garbanzo, garbanzo bean, gram)

Gleditsia (honey locust)

Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust)

Glycine

Glycine max (soy bean, soya bean, soybean)

Glycyrrhiza

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice, liquorice)

Gymnocladus

Gymnocladus dioica (American coffee berry, Kentucky coffeetree, Kentucky mahogany, nicker tree, stump tree)

Laburnum

Laburnum alpinum (alpine laburnum, Scotch laburnum, Scottish laburnum)

Lathyrus

Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea)

Lupinus

Lupinus albus (white lupin)

Parkinsonia (Cercidium, green tree, palo verde, paloverde)

Parkinsonia florida (blue palo verde)

Phaseolus

Phaseolus coccineus (butter bean, multiflora bean, runner bean, scarlet runner bean)
Phaseolus vulgaris (🫘, black bean, black turtle bean, common bean, kidney bean, pinto bean)

Pueraria

Kudzu (Chinese arrowroot, Japanese arrowroot)

Robinia

Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust, false acacia)
Robinia viscosa (clammy locust, rose acacia)

Senegalia

Senegalia greggii (acacia bush, catclaw acacia, catclaw mesquite, Gregg's catclaw, paradise flower, wait-a-bit tree, wait-a-minute bush)

Trifolium (🍀, clover, trefoils)

Trifolium pratense (red clover)

Vachellia (acacias, thorn trees)

Vachellia cornigera (bullhorn acacia, cachito, subín)
Vachellia nilotica (Acacia nilotica, babul, Egyptian acacia, gum arabic tree, prickly acacia, thorn mimosa, thorny acacia)
Vachellia tortilis (Acacia tortilis, Israeli babool, umbrella thorn, umbrella thorn acacia)

Wisteria (glicynia, glycines, Glyzinie, wistaria)

Wisteria floribunda (Japanese wisteria)

Polygalaceae

Polygala

Polygala myrtifolia (myrtle-leaf milkwort)

Fagales

Betulaceae

Alnus (alder, alders)

Alnus acuminata (Andean alder)
Alnus cordata (Italian alder)
Alnus rubra (red alder)

Betula (birch)

Betula nigra (black birch, river birch, water birch)
Betula papyrifera (American white birch, canoe birch, paper birch, white birch)
Betula pendula (East Asian white birch, European white birch, silver birch, warty birch, weeping birch)

Carpinus (hornbeam, hornbeams)

Carpinus betulus (common hornbeam, European hornbeam, yoke elm)
Carpinus caroliniana (American hornbeam, blue-beech, ironwood, muscle beech, musclewood)
Carpinus japonica (Japanese hornbeam)

Corylus

Corylus avellana (cobnut, common hazel, filbert, hazel, hazelnut)
Corylus cornuta (beaked hazelnut)

Ostrya

Ostrya virginiana (American hophornbeam, Eastern hophornbeam)

Casuarinaceae

Casuarina (Australian pine, native pine, she-oak)

Casuarina equisetifolia (Australian pine, beach casuarina, beach sheoak, coastal she-oak, horsetail she-oak, ironwood, whistling tree)

Fagaceae

Notholithocarpus (Notholithocarpus densiflorus, tanbark-oak, tanoak)

Castanea (🌰, chestnut)

Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut, Korean chestnut)
Castanea dentata (American chestnut)

Fagus (beech)

Fagus grandifolia (American beech, North American beech)
Fagus sylvatica (common beech, copper beech, European beech)

Quercus (oak, oaks)

Quercus agrifolia (California live oak, coast live oak, encina)
Quercus alba (white oak)
Quercus bicolor (swamp white oak)
Quercus chrysolepis (canyon live oak, canyon oak, golden cup oak, maul oak)
Quercus coccinea (scarlet oak)
Quercus ellipsoidalis (Hill's oak, northern pin oak)
Quercus frainetto (Hungarian oak, Italian oak, Quercus conferta, Quercus farnetto)
Quercus garryana (Garry oak, Oregon oak, Oregon white oak)
Quercus hypoleucoides (silverleaf oak, whiteleaf oak)
Quercus ilex (evergreen oak, holly oak, holm oak)
Quercus macrocarpa (blue oak, bur oak, burr oak, mossycup oak, mossycup white oak, scrub oak)
Quercus montana (chestnut oak, Quercus prinus, rock oak)
Quercus palustris (pin oak, swamp oak, swamp Spanish oak)
Quercus robur (English oak, pedunculate oak)
Quercus rubra (champion oak, northern red oak, red oak)
Quercus suber (🍾, cork oak)
Quercus tardifolia (Chisos Mountains oak, lateleaf oak)
Quercus velutina (black oak, eastern black oak)
Quercus virginiana (southern live oak)

Juglandaceae

Carya (hickories, hickory)

Carya illinoinensis (pecan)
Carya laciniosa (big, bottom, kingnut, shellbark hickory, thick, western shellbark)
Carya ovata (shagbark hickory)

Juglans (walnut, walnut trees)

Juglans mandshurica (Manchurian walnut, tigernut)
Juglans nigra (black walnut, eastern American black walnut)
Juglans regia (common walnut, English walnut, Persian walnut)

Pterocarya

Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Caucasian walnut, Caucasian wingnut)

Nothofagaceae

Nothofagus (southern beeches)

Geraniales

Francoaceae

Melianthus

Melianthus major (giant honey flower, herb-touch-me-not, kruidjie-roer-my-nie)

Geraniaceae

Geranium

Geranium × oxonianum (Oxford geranium)
Geranium macrorrhizum (bigroot geranium, Bulgarian geranium, rock crane's-bill)
Geranium molle (dove's-foot crane's-bill, dovesfoot geranium)
Geranium platypetalum (broad-petaled geranium, glandular crane's-bill)
Geranium purpureum (little-robin)

Pelargonium

Pelargonium graveolens (old-fashioned rose geranium, rose geranium, rose-scent geranium, sweet scented geranium)

Malpighiales

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia

Euphorbia × martini (Martin's spurge)
Euphorbia characias (Albanian spurge, Mediterranean spurge)
Euphorbia lathyris (caper spurge, paper spurge)
Euphorbia rigida (gopher spurge, upright myrtle spurge)

Hypericaceae

Hypericum

Hypericum androsaemum (shrubby St. John's wort, sweet-amber, tutsan)
Hypericum calycinum (Aaron's beard, creeping St. John's wort, great St-John's wort, Jerusalem star, rose-of-Sharon)
Hypericum hircinum (goat St John's wort, stinking tutsan)
Hypericum perforatum (common St. John's wort, perforate St. John's wort, St. John's wort)

Passifloraceae

Passiflora (passion flowers, passion vines)

Rafflesiaceae

Rafflesia

Rafflesia arnoldii (corpse flower, giant padma, stinking corpse lily)

Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophora

Rhizophora mangle (mangrove, red mangrove)

Salicaceae (willow family)

Populus (aspen, cottonwood, cottonwoods, poplar)

Populus nigra (black poplar, Lombardy poplar)
Populus tremuloides (American aspen, golden aspen, mountain aspen, popple, quaking aspen, trembling aspen, trembling poplar, white poplar)
Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood, California poplar, western balsam-poplar)

Salix (osiers, sallows, willow, willows)

Salix alba (silver willow, white willow)
Salix babylonica (Babylon willow, weeping willow)
Salix matsudana (Chinese willow, corkscrew willow)
Salix nigra (black willow)

Violaceae

Viola

Viola odorata (common violet, English violet, florist's violet, garden violet, sweet violet, wood violet)

Malvales

Cistaceae

Cistus

Cistus parviflorus

Malvaceae (mallows)

Abutilon

Abutilon pictum (Abutilon striatum, Chinese-lantern, red vein Chinese lanterns, red vein Indian mallow, redvein abutilon, redvein flowering maple)

Adansonia (baobab, baobabs)

Adansonia grandidieri (baobab, Baobab malgache, giant baobab, Grandidier's baobab, renala, reniala)

Alcea (hollyhocks)

Alcea biennis (biennial hollyhock)
Alcea rosea (common hollyhock)
Alcea setosa (bristly hollyhock)

Brachychiton

Brachychiton rupestris (narrow-leaved bottle tree, Queensland bottle tree)

Ceiba

Ceiba pentandra (ceiba, fromager, Java cotton, Java kapok, kapok, samauma, silk-cotton)
Ceiba speciosa (árbol del puente, floss silk tree, paineira, palo borracho, samu'ũ, silk floss tree)

Hibiscus (🌺, hibiscus, rose mallow)

Hibiscus syriacus (althea, Korean Hibiscus, rose mallow, Rose of Sharon, shrub althea, Syrian ketmia)

Malva

Malva neglecta (buttonweed, cheeseplant, cheeseweed, common mallow, dwarf mallow, roundleaf mallow)

Theobroma

Theobroma cacao (🍫, cacao tree, chocolate, cocoa tree)

Tilia (basswood, lime, linden)

Tilia × euchlora
Tilia × europaea (common lime, common linden, European lime)
Tilia cordata (little-leaf, littleleaf linden, pry, pry tree, small-leaved lime, small-leaved linden)
Tilia platyphyllos (broad-leaved lime, large-leaved lime, large-leaved linden)
Tilia tomentosa (silver lime, silver linden)

Thymelaeaceae

Daphne

Daphne alpina

Edgeworthia

Edgeworthia chrysantha (mitsumata, Oriental paperbush)

Myrtales

Lythraceae

Lagerstroemia (crape myrtle, crepe myrtle, crêpe myrtle)

Lagerstroemia indica (crape myrtle, crepe myrtle, crêpe myrtle, crepeflower)

Punica

Punica granatum (pomegranate)

Myrtaceae

Feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana, pineapple guava, quirina)

Eucalyptus (eucalyptus)

Eucalyptus camaldulensis (river red gum)
Eucalyptus marginata (djarraly, jarrah, Swan River mahogany)
Eucalyptus pauciflora (cabbage gum, snow gum, white sally)
Eucalyptus regnans (giant ash, mountain ash, stringy gum, swamp gum, Tasmanian oak)

Onagraceae

Chamaenerion

Chamaenerion angustifolium (Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium angustifolium, fireweed, rosebay willowherb)

Fuchsia

Fuchsia × standishii (Standish's Fuchsia)
Fuchsia magellanica (chilco, hardy fuchsia, hummingbird fuchsia)

Oenothera

Oenothera lindheimeri (Indian feather, Lindheimer's beeblossom, Lindheimer's clockweed, pink gaura, white gaura)

Oxalidales

Elaeocarpaceae

Sloanea

Sloanea woollsii (carribin, eslanea amarela, grey carrobean, yellow carabeen)

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis

Oxalis acetosella (common wood sorrel, wood sorrel)
Oxalis oregana (Oregon oxalis, redwood sorrel)

Rosales

Cannabaceae

Celtis

Celtis occidentalis (American hackberry, beaverwood, common hackberry, nettletree, northern hackberry)

Humulus

Humulus lupulus (common hop, hops)

Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnus

Elaeagnus angustifolia (oleaster, Russian olive, silver berry, wild olive)

Moraceae

Artocarpus

Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit, nangka)

Ficus (fig trees, figs)

Ficus benghalensis (banian, banyan, banyan fig, Indian banyan)
Ficus benjamina (benjamin fig, ficus, ficus tree, weeping fig)
Ficus carica (edible fig, fig)
Ficus religiosa (ashvattha tree, bo tree, bodhi tree, peepal tree, peepul tree, pipala tree, sacred fig)
Ficus retusa (Indian laurel, office hall plant)

Maclura

Maclura pomifera (bodark, bodock, hedge apple, hedge ball, horse apple, mock orange, monkey ball, monkey brains, Osage orange, pap, yellow-wood)

Morus

Morus alba (common mulberry, mulberries, mulberry, silkworm mulberry, white mulberry)

Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (blue blossom ceanothus, blueblossom, Californian lilac, Mountain lilac)

Rosaceae (rose family)

Lyonothamnus (Channel Island ironwood, Lyonothamnus floribundus)

Alchemilla

Alchemilla mollis (garden lady's-mantle, lady's-mantle)

Amelanchier (chuckley pear, juneberry, sarvis, sarvisberry, saskatoon, serviceberry, shadblow, shadbush, shadwood, sugarplum, wild-plum)

Amelanchier alnifolia (Pacific serviceberry, saskatoon, saskatoon berry, western juneberry, western serviceberry, western shadbush)
Amelanchier canadensis (bilberry, Canadian serviceberry, chuckle-berry, currant-tree, juneberry, shad-blow, shad-blow serviceberry, shadbush, shadbush serviceberry, sugarplum, thicket serviceberry)

Chaenomeles

Chaenomeles japonica (Japanese quince, Japonica, Maule's quince)

Cotoneaster

Cotoneaster franchetii (Franchet's cotoneaster, orange cotoneaster)

Crataegus (hawberry, hawthorn, May-tree, Mayflower, quickthorn, thornapple, whitethorn)

Crataegus laevigata (English hawthorn, mayflower, Midland hawthorn, woodland hawthorn)
Crataegus monogyna (common hawthorn, one-seed hawthorn, single-seeded hawthorn, whitethorn)
Crataegus phaenopyrum (Washington hawthorn, Washington thorn)
Crataegus rhipidophylla (hawthorn)
Crataegus x lavallei (hybrid cockspurthorn, Lavallée's hawthorn)

Cydonia (Cydonia oblonga, golden apple, quince)
Dasiphora

Dasiphora fruticosa (bush cinquefoil, golden hardhack, kuril tea, shrubby cinquefoil, shrubby five-finger, tundra rose, widdy)

Eriobotrya

Eriobotrya japonica (Chinese plum, Japanese medlar, Japanese plum, loquat)

Fragaria (strawberries)

Fragaria × ananassa (🍓, garden strawberry, strawberry)

Geum

Geum macrophyllum (large-leaved avens, largeleaf avens)
Geum urbanum (clove root, colewort, herb Bennet, St. Benedict's herb, wood avens)

Macromeles

Macromeles tschonoskii (Chonosuki crab, pillar apple)

Malus

Malus angustifolia (southern crabapple)
Malus domestica (🍎, 🍏, apple, apples, domestic apple, Malus pumila, orchard apple)
Malus sieboldii (Malus toringo, Siebold's crab, Siebold's crabapple, Toringo crabapple)
Malus sieversii (wolf apple)

Polylepis

Polylepis racemosa (Andean Paper Tree, Queuña)

Potentilla

Potentilla indica (Indian strawberry, mock strawberry, snakeberry)

Prunus (stonefruit)

Prunus × yedoensis (Cerasus × yedoensis, Somei-yoshino, Yoshino cherry)
Prunus amygdalus (almond, Prunus dulcis)
Prunus avium (🍒, cherries, cherry, gean, sweet cherry, wild cherry)
Prunus cerasifera (cherry plum, myrobalan plum, purple leaf plum, purple-leaf plum, Thundercloud)
Prunus domestica (plum)
Prunus itosakura (autumn cherry, Prunus pendula, thread cherry, weeping cherry, winter-flowering cherry)
Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel, common laurel, English laurel)
Prunus persica (🍑, nectarine, peach, peaches)
Prunus serrulata (🌸, Japanese cherry)
Prunus subg. Prunus (plum, plums, prune, prunes)

Pyrus

Pyrus calleryana (Bradford pear, Callery pear)
Pyrus pyrifolia (apple pear, Asian pear, Chinese pear, Japanese pear, Korean pear, naspati, papple, Persian pear, sand pear, Taiwanese pear, three-halves pear, zodiac pear)

Pyrus communis (🍐, common pear, pear, pears)

Pyrus communis 'Williams' (Bartlett pear, Williams pear, Williams' bon chrétien pear)

Rosa (🌹, rose, roses)

Rosa foetida (Austrian briar, Austrian copper rose, Persian yellow rose)
Rosa setigera (climbing rose, climbing wild rose, prairie rose)

Rubus (brambles, bristleberries)

Rubus armeniacus (Armenian blackberry, Himalayan blackberry)
Rubus parviflorus (redcap, thimbleberry)
Rubus spectabilis (salmonberry)
Rubus tricolor (Chinese bramble, creeping bramble, groundcover bramble, groundcover raspberry, Himalayan bramble, Korean raspberry)

Sorbus (mountain-ash, rowan)

Sorbus aucuparia (mountain-ash, Quicken Tree, rowan)

Spiraea

Spiraea japonica (Japanese meadowsweet, Japanese spiraea)
Spiraea nipponica

Ulmaceae

Ulmus (elm, elms)

Ulmus americana (American elm, water elm, white elm)
Ulmus glabra (Camperdown elm, Scotch elm, Scots elm, wych elm)
Ulmus laevis (European white elm, fluttering elm, Russian elm, spreading elm, stately elm)
Ulmus minor (field elm, Tartan elm)
Ulmus parvifolia (Chinese elm, lacebark elm)
Ulmus x hollandica (Dutch elm)

Zelkova

Zelkova serrata (Japanese elm, Japanese zelkova, keaki, keyaki)

Urticaceae

Cecropia (guarumo, pumpwoods, yagrumo, yarumo)

Cercopia obtusifolia (blunt-leaved trumpet tree, pop-a-gun, tree-of-laziness, and snakewood tree)

Urtica

Urtica dioica (burn nettle, common nettle, nettle, nettle leaf, stinger, stinging nettle)

Sapindales

Anacardiaceae (cashew family, sumac family)

Anacardium

Anacardium occidentale (cashew, cashews)

Cotinus

Cotinus coggygria (dyer's sumach, Eurasian smoketree, European smoketree, smoke bush, smoke tree, Venetian sumach)
Cotinus obovatus (American smoketree, American smokewood, chittamwood)

Mangifera

Mangifera indica (🥭, mango)

Pistacia

Pistacia chinensis (Chinese pistache)

Rhus

Rhus typhina (staghorn sumac)

Toxicodendron

Toxicodendron diversilobum (Pacific poison oak, poison oak, Rhus diversiloba, western poison oak)
Toxicodendron radicans (eastern poison ivy, poison ivy)

Burseraceae

Commiphora

Commiphora africana (African myrrh)

Meliaceae (mahogany family)

Azadirachta

Azadirachta indica (Indian lilac, margosa, neem, nimtree)

Rutaceae (citrus family, rue family)

Bergera

Bergera koenigii (curry bush, curry tree, Murraya koenigii, sweet neem)

Choisya

Choisya ternata (Mexican orange, Mexican orange blossom)

Citrus (citrus, citrus fruits)

Citrus × aurantiifolia (Egyptian Lime, Key lime, Mexican Lime, West Indian Lime)
Citrus × limon (🍋, lemon)
Citrus × meyeri (Meyer lemon)
Citrus × paradisi (grapefruit)
Citrus maxima (pomelo, pummelo, shaddock)
Citrus reticulata (🍊, mandarin, mandarin orange, tangerine)

Citrus medica (citron)

Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis (Buddha's hand, fingered citron)

Citrus × sinensis (Citrus sinensis, orange, sweet orange)

navel orange

Ruta

Ruta graveolens (arruda, common rue, herb-of-grace, ruda, rue)

Sapindaceae (soapberry family)

Acer (🍁, maple, maples)

Acer × freemanii (Freeman maple, Freeman's maple)
Acer campestre (field maple, hedge maple)
Acer circinatum (vine maple)
Acer glabrum (Douglas maple, Dwarf Maple, Rock Maple, Rocky Mountain maple)
Acer griseum (blood-bark maple, paperbark maple)
Acer macrophyllum (bigleaf maple, BLM, Oregon maple)
Acer negundo (ash-leaved maple, box elder, boxelder maple, Manitoba maple)
Acer palmatum (Japanese maple, palmate maple, smooth Japanese maple)
Acer platanoides (Norway maple)
Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore, sycamore maple)
Acer rubrum (red maple, soft maple, swamp maple, water maple)
Acer saccharinum (creek maple, large maple, silver maple, silverleaf maple, soft maple, swamp maple, water maple, white maple)
Acer saccharum (sugar maple)
Acer tataricum (Tatar maple, Tatarian maple)

Aesculus (buckeye, horse chestnut)

Aesculus flava (common buckeye, sweet buckeye, yellow buckeye)
Aesculus glabra (fetid buckeye, Ohio buckeye, Texas buckeye)
Aesculus hippocastanum (buckeye, common horse-chestnut, conker tree, European horsechestnut, horse chestnut, horse-chestnut)

Koelreuteria

Koelreuteria paniculata (China tree, goldenrain tree, pride of India, varnish tree)

Nephelium

Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan)

Sapindus

Sapindus saponaria (a'e, jaboncillo, manele, sulluku, western soapberry, wingleaf soapberry)

Simaroubaceae

Ailanthus

Ailanthus altissima (ailanthus tree, tree of heaven)

Vitales

Vitaceae

Vitis

Vitis labrusca (fox grape)
Vitis vinifera (🍇, common grape vine, grape)

Zygophyllales

Zygophyllaceae

Larrea

Larrea tridentata (chaparral, creosote bush, greasewood)

Santalales

Santalaceae

Phoradendron

Phoradendron libocedri (incense-cedar mistletoe)

Santalum

Santalum album (Indian sandalwood, sandalwood, white sandalwood)

Viscum

Viscum album (common mistletoe, European mistletoe, mistletoe)

Saxifragales

Altingiaceae

Liquidambar

Liquidambar orientalis (oriental sweetgum, Turkish sweetgum)
Liquidambar styraciflua (American sweetgum, Ocotzocuahuitl, redgum)

Cercidiphyllaceae

Cercidiphyllum

Cercidiphyllum japonicum (candyfloss tree, caramel tree, Katsura)

Crassulaceae (crassulas, orpine, stonecrops)

Hylotelephium

Hylotelephium sieboldii (October daphne, October stonecrop, Sedum sieboldii, Siebold's sedum, Siebold's stonecrop)
Hylotelephium spectabile (butterfly stonecrop, iceplant, showy stonecrop)

Phedimus

Phedimus kamtschaticus (orange stonecrop)

Sedum (stonecrops)

Hamamelidaceae

Parrotia persica (Persian ironwood)

Hamamelis

Hamamelis × intermedia (hybrid witch hazel, witch hazel)
Hamamelis virginiana (American witch-hazel, beadwood, common witch-hazel, witch-hazel)

Loropetalum

Loropetalum chinense (Chinese fringe flower, loropetalum, strap flower)

Paeoniaceae (Paeonia, paeony, peony)

Paeonia

Paeonia lactiflora (Chinese herbaceous peony, Chinese peony, common garden peony)

Saxifragaceae

Tellima (bigflower tellima, fringecups, Tellima grandiflora)

Bergenia (elephant-eared saxifrage, elephant's ears)

Bergenia crassifolia (badan, elephant-ears, elephant's ears, heart-leaved bergenia, heartleaf bergenia, Korean elephant-ear, leather bergenia, Mongolian tea, pigsqueak, Siberian tea, winter-blooming bergenia)

Saxifraga

Saxifraga hostii

Tiarella

Tiarella cordifolia (Allegheny foamflower, coolwort, false miterwort, heart-leaved foamflower)

Trochodendrales

Trochodendraceae

Trochodendron

Trochodendron aralioides (wheel tree)

Magnoliids

Laurales

Lauraceae (laurel family, laurels)

Camphora

Camphora officinarum (camphor, camphor laurel, camphor tree, camphorwood, Cinnamomum camphora, kusunoki, Laurus camphora, xiang zhang)

Cinnamomum

Cinnamomum tenuifolium (Cinnamomum japonicum, Japanese cinnamon)
Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, cinnamon, true cinnamon)

Laurus (true laurels)

Laurus nobilis (bay laurel, bay tree, Grecian laurel, laurel, sweet bay, true laurel)
Laurus novocanariensis (Canary Island laurel, Canary laurel, loro)

Persea

Persea americana (🥑, alligator pear, avocado, avocado pear)

Sassafras

Sassafras albidum (red sassafras, sassafras, silky sassafras, white sassafras)

Umbellularia

Umbellularia californica (balm of heaven, California bay, California bay laurel, California laurel, cinnamon bush, headache tree, mountain laurel, myrtlewood money, Oregon myrtle, peppernut tree, pepperwood, pōl’-cum ōl, spicebush, Umbellularia)

Magnoliales

Annonaceae

Asimina

Asimina triloba (American papaw, Indiana banana, paw paw, paw-paw, pawpaw)

Magnoliaceae

Liriodendron

Liriodendron tulipifera (American tulip tree, fiddletree, hickory-poplar, lynn-tree, tulip poplar, tulip tree, tuliptree, tulipwood, whitewood, yellow-poplar)

Magnolia (magnolias)

Magnolia × soulangeana (saucer magnolia, tulip tree)
Magnolia acuminata (blue magnolia, cucumber magnolia, cucumber tree, cucumbertree)
Magnolia figo (banana shrub, port wine magnolia)
Magnolia grandiflora (bull bay, southern magnolia)
Magnolia kobus (cucumber magnolia, kobus magnolia, kobushi magnolia, mokryeon)
Magnolia laevifolia (Gail's Favourite)
Magnolia stellata (star magnolia)
Magnolia tripetala (umbrella magnolia, umbrella-tree)
Magnolia virginiana (beaver tree, laurel magnolia, swamp magnolia, swampbay, sweetbay, sweetbay magnolia, white bay)

Myristicaceae

Myristica

Myristica fragrans (nutmeg, nutmeg tree)

Piperales

Saururaceae

Houttuynia

Houttuynia cordata (chameleon plant, Chinese lizard tail, fish leaf, fish mint, fish wort, heart leaf, rainbow plant)

Monocots (Liliopsida, monocot, monocots, Monocotyledon)

Alismatales

Araceae

Monstera
Zamioculcas (aroid palm, emerald palm, eternity plant, Zamioculcas zamiifolia, Zanzibar gem, Zuzu plant, ZZ plant)

Epipremnum

Epipremnum aureum (Ceylon creeper, devil's ivy, devil's vine, golden pothos, hunter's robe, ivy arum, pothos, silver vine, Solomon Islands ivy, taro vine)

Symplocarpus

Symplocarpus foetidus (clumpfoot cabbage, eastern skunk cabbage, foetid pothos, meadow cabbage, polecat weed, skunk cabbage, swamp cabbage)

Zantedeschia

Zantedeschia aethiopica (arum lily, calla lily)

Asparagales

Amaryllidaceae

Galanthus (snowdrop)

Agapanthus

Agapanthus africanus (African lily, lily-of-the-Nile)

Allium

Allium cepa (🧅, bulb onion, common onion, onion, onions)
Allium giganteum (giant leek, giant onion)
Allium roseum (rosy garlic)
Allium sativum (🧄, garlic)
Allium subhirsutum (hairy garlic)

Asparagaceae

Camassia (camas, camash, Indian hyacinth, quamash, wild hyacinth)
Hyacinthus (🪻, hyacinth, hyacinths)
Muscari (grape hyacinth)

Asparagus

Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus ferns, foxtail asparagus, foxtail fern, plume fern)
Asparagus officinalis (asparagus)

Convallaria

Convallaria majalis (Apollinaris, glovewort, lily of the valley, lily-of-the-valley, Mary's tears, May bells, muguet, Our Lady's tears)

Dracaena

Dracaena cinnabari (dragon blood tree, Socotra dragon tree)
Dracaena trifasciata (mother-in-law's tongue, Saint George's sword, snake plant, viper's bowstring hemp)

Hesperaloe

Hesperaloe parviflora (hummingbird yucca, red yucca, redflower false yucca, samandoque)

Hosta (giboshi, hostas, plantain lilies)

Hosta plantaginea (August lily, fragrant plantain lily)

Hyacinthoides

Hyacinthoides hispanica (Spanish bluebell, wood hyacinth)

Ornithogalum

Ornithogalum divergens (star-of-Bethlehem)

Yucca

Yucca brevifolia (Joshua tree, palm tree yucca, tree yucca, yucca palm)
Yucca filamentosa (Adam's needle and thread)

Asphodelaceae

Kniphofia

Kniphofia uvaria (red hot poker, torch lily, tritomea)

Phormium

Phormium tenax (flax, New Zealand flax, New Zealand hemp)

Iridaceae

Crocosmia (montbretia)

Crocus (croci, crocuses)

Crocus sativus (autumn crocus, saffron, saffron crocus)

Dietes

Dietes grandiflora (African iris, fairy iris, fortnight lily, large wild iris)

Iris

Iris × germanica (bearded iris, German bearded iris)
Iris douglasiana (Douglas iris)
Iris japonica (butterfly flower, fringed iris, shaga)
Iris pseudacorus (water flag, yellow flag, yellow iris)
Iris tenax (flag, Oregon iris, tough-leaved iris)

Sisyrinchium

Sisyrinchium striatum (pale yellow-eyed-grass, satin flower)

Orchidaceae (orchid, orchids)

Vanilla (vanilla, vanilla orchids)

Goodyera

Goodyera pubescens (downy rattlesnake plantain, Peramium pubescens)

Commelinids

Arecales

Arecaceae (🌴, palm, palm trees, palms)

Cocos (🥥, cocoanut, coconut, Cocos nucifera)

Corypha

Corypha umbraculifera (talipot palm)

Elaeis

Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm, macaw-fat, oil palm)

Euterpe

Euterpe oleracea (acai, açaí, açaí berries, açaí palm)

Lodoicea (coco de mer, coco fesse, Coco-de-mer, double coconut, Lodoicea maldivica, love nut, Maldive coconut, sea coconut, Seychelles nut)
Phoenix

Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm, CIDP, pineapple palm)
Phoenix dactylifera (date palm, dates)

Trachycarpus

Trachycarpus fortunei (Chinese windmill palm, Chusan palm, Windmill palm)

Commelinales

Haemodoraceae

Anigozanthos

Anigozanthos flavidus (kangaroo paw)

Poales

Cyperaceae (sedges)
Juncaceae (rush family, rushes)

Bromeliaceae

Ananas

Ananas comosus (🍍, pineapple)

Tillandsia

Tillandsia usneoides (spanish moss)

Poaceae

bamboo (🎋, 🎍, bamboos, Bambusoideae)
Bromus (brome grasses, Bromeae, bromes, cheat grasses, chess grasses)
Cenchrus (buffelgrasses, sand spur, sandburs)
Zizania (Canada rice, Indian rice, manoomin, mnomen, psíŋ, water oats, wild rice)

Hordeum

Hordeum vulgare (barley)

Oryza

Oryza sativa (🌾, Asian cultivated rice, rice)

Secale

Secale cereale (rye)

Triticum (wheat)

Triticum aestivum (🍞, bread wheat, common wheat, wheat)
Triticum monococcum (einkorn)

Zea

Zea mays (🌽, corn, maize)

Restionaceae

Elegia

Elegia tectorum (Cape thatching reed, dakriet)

Zingiberales

Musaceae

Musa

banana (🍌)

Liliales

Liliaceae

Lilium

Lilium bulbiferum (fire lily, Jimmy's Bane, orange lily, St. John's Lily, tiger lily)

Prosartes

Prosartes smithii (largeflower fairybells)

Tulipa (🌷, tulip, tulips)

Tulipa orphanidea

Melanthiaceae

Trillium (birthroot, birthwort, toadshade, tri flower, wakerobin, wood lily)

Smilacaceae

Smilax

Smilax ornata (Honduran sarsaparilla, Jamaican sarsaparilla, sarsaparilla)

Pandanales

Pandanaceae

Pandanus

Pandanus amaryllifolius (pandan)

Gymnospermae (gymnosperm, gymnospermae, gymnosperms)

Cycadophyta (cycad, cycads)

Ginkgophyta

Ginkgoopsida

Ginkgoales

Ginkgoaceae

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba (gingko, ginkgo, maidenhair tree)

Pinophyta (🌲, conifer, Coniferae, Coniferophyta, coniferous, conifers, Pinopsida)

Araucariales

Araucariaceae

Wollemia (Pinosaur, Wollemi pine, Wollemia nobilis)

Agathis

Agathis australis (kauri)

Araucaria

Araucaria araucana (Chile pine, monkey puzzle, monkey puzzle tree, monkey tail tree, pehuen pine, pewen, piñonero)
Araucaria columnaris (columnar araucaria, Cook araucaria, Cook pine, Cook's pine, coral reef araucaria, New Caledonia pine)
Araucaria heterophylla (living Christmas tree, Norfolk Island pine, Norfolk pine, Polynesian pine, star pine, triangle tree)

Araucarioxylon

Araucarioxylon arizonicum (Agathoxylon arizonicum, rainbow wood)

Podocarpaceae (podocarp, podocarps)

Parasitaxus (cèdre rabougri, corail, Parasitaxus usta)

Dacrydium

Dacrydium cupressinum (red pine, rimu)

Falcatifolium

Falcatifolium taxoides

Podocarpus

Podocarpus macrophyllus (Buddhist pine, fern pine, Japanese yew, yew plum pine)
Podocarpus nubigenus
Podocarpus totara (tōtara)

Cupressales

Cupressaceae (cypress family)

Cyptomeria (Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cedar, Japanese cyptomeria, Japanese redwood, Japanese-cedar, peacock pine, Sugi)

Callitropsis

Callitropsis nootkatensis (Alaska cedar, Alaska cypress, Alaska yellow cedar, Callitropsis, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, Cupressus nootkatensis, Nootka cedar, Nootka cypress, Xanthocyparis nootkatensis, yellow cedar, yellow cypress)

Calocedrus

Calocedrus decurrens (California incense cedar, incense cedar, incense-cedar, Libocedras decurrens)

Chamaecyparis (cypress, false cypress)

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Lawson's cypress, Port Orford cedar)
Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki, hinoki cypress, Japanese cypress)
Chamaecyparis pisifera (Boulevard cypress, Sawara, Sawara cypress)

Cunninghamia

Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir)

Cupressus (cypress)

Cupressus × leylandii (× Cupressocyparis leylandii, × Cuprocyparis leylandii, Leyland cypress, leylandii)
Cupressus dupreziana (Saharan cypress, tarout)
Cupressus sempervirens (Italian cypress, Mediterranean cypress, Persian cypress, Tuscan cypress)

Hesperocyparis

Hesperocyparis macrocarpa (coastal cypress, Cupressus macrocarpa, Monterey cypress)

Juniperus (juniper, junipers)

Juniperus chinensis (Chinese juniper, shimpaku juniper)
Juniperus communis (common juniper)
Juniperus occidentalis (western juniper)
Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper)

Sequoioideae (redwood, redwoods)

Metasequoia

Metasequoia glyptostroboides (dawn redwood, Metasequoia)

Sequoia

Sequoia sempervirens (California redwood, coast redwood, coastal redwood, Sequoia)

Sequoiadendron

Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant redwood, giant sequoia, Sierra redwood, Wellingtonia)

Taxodium

Taxodium distichum (bald cypress, bald-cypress, baldcypress, gulf cypress, red cypress, swamp cypress, tidewater red cypress, white cypress)
Taxodium mucronatum (ahuehuete, Montezuma bald cypress, Montezuma cypress)

Thuja (arborvitaes, New World false cedars, thujas)

Thuja occidentalis (American arborvitae, arborvitae, eastern arborvitae, eastern white-cedar, northern white-cedar, swamp cedar)
Thuja plicata (cedar, giant arborvitae, giant cedar, pacific red cedar, shinglewood, western arborvitae, western red cedar, western redcedar)

Taxaceae

Taxus (yew, yews)

Taxus baccata (common yew, English yew, European yew, yew)
Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew, western yew)
Taxus cuspidata (Japanese yew, spreading yew)

Pinales

Pinaceae (pine family)

Abies (fir, firs, true firs)

Abies balsamea (balsam fir)
Abies concolor (Colorado fir, concolor fir, white fir)
Abies firma (Japanese fir, momi fir, Momitanne)
Abies fraseri (Fraser fir, Fraser's fir)
Abies grandis (giant fir, grand fir, great silver fir, lowland white fir, Oregon fir, Vancouver fir, western white fir)
Abies lasiocarpa (Rocky Mountain fir, subalpine fir)
Abies procera (Abies nobilis, noble fir, red fir)
Abies religiosa (árbol de Navidad, oyamel, oyamel fir, pinabete, sacred fir)

Cedrus (cedar)

Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar)
Cedrus deodara (deodar, deodar cedar, Himalayan cedar)
Cedrus libani (cedar of Lebanon, Lebanese cedar, Lebanon cedar)

Larix (larch, larches)

Larix decidua (European larch)
Larix laricina (American larch, black larch, eastern larch, hackmatack, red larch, tamarack)

Picea (spruce, spruces)

Picea abies (European spruce, Norway spruce)
Picea breweriana (Brewer spruce, Brewer's spruce, Brewer's weeping spruce, weeping spruce)
Picea glauca (Alberta white spruce, Black Hills spruce, Canadian spruce, cat spruce, Porsild spruce, skunk spruce, western white spruce, white spruce)
Picea mariana (black spruce)
Picea pungens (blue spruce, Colorado blue spruce, Colorado spruce)
Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce)

Pinus (pine, pines)

Pinus albicaulis (creeping pine, pitch pine, scrub pine, white bark pine, white pine, whitebark pine)
Pinus canariensis (Canary Island pine)
Pinus contorta (contorta pine, lodgepole pine, shore pine, twisted pine)
Pinus coulteri (big-cone pine, Coulter pine)
Pinus densiflora (Japanese pine, Japanese red pine, Korean red pine)
Pinus edulis (Colorado pinyon, pinyon pine, simply piñon, two-needle piñon)
Pinus longaeva (Great Basin bristlecone pine, intermountain bristlecone pine, western bristlecone pine)
Pinus monticola (California mountain pine, silver pine, Western white pine)
Pinus nigra (Austrian pine, black pine)
Pinus palustris (long leaf yellow pine, Longleaf pine, yellow pine)
Pinus pungens (hickory pine, mountain pine, prickly pine, Table mountain pine)
Pinus radiata (insignis pine, Monterey pine, Pinus insignis, radiata pine)
Pinus sabiniana (bull pine, digger pine, foothill pine, ghost pine, gray pine, Pinus sabineana, towani pine)
Pinus strobus (eastern white pine, northern white pine, soft pine, Weymouth pine, white pine)
Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)
Pinus thunbergii (black pine, gomsol, hēisōng, Japanese black pine, Japanese pine, kuromatsu)
Pinus virginiana (Jersey pine, possum pine, scrub pine, Virginia pine)
Pinyon pine (pine nuts, piñon, pinyon)

Pinus ponderosa (blackjack pine, bull pine, filipinus pine, Pinus ponderosa subsp. ponderosa, ponderosa pine, western yellow-pine, white pine)

Pinus ponderosa subsp. scopulorum (Pinus scopulorum, Rocky Mountain pine, Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain yellow pine)

Pseudotsuga (Bigcone spruce, Douglas fir, Douglas tree, Douglas-fir, Oregon pine)

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Columbian pine, Douglas fir, Douglas fir proper, Douglas spruce, Douglas-fir, Oregon pine)

Tsuga (hemlock)

Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock, western hemlock-spruce)

Sciadopityaceae

Sciadopitys

Sciadopitys verticillata (Japanese umbrella-pine, kōyamaki)

Last updated: January 22, 2026